窑具 指在烧制过程中用于支撑和保护制品的耐火构件。在燃气窑中，窑具直接决定了装载密度、温度均匀性以及能耗。尽管窑具形状各异，但按功能可大致分为三类：承重构件、支撑件和保护容器。
承重构件是指可直接在其上放置制品的平板状构件。在燃气式梭式窑、隧道窑和辊道窑中，最常见的承重构件包括窑架板（也称为垫板或搁板）以及专用承烧板。对于诸如摩洛哥瓷砖（Zellige tiles）之类的扁平制品，通常会使用带槽的承烧板或特制托盘——即经过机械加工、带有槽口或孔洞的耐火板。这些结构设计不仅减轻了构件重量，还能使热空气在制品下方流通，从而有助于确保加热和冷却过程的均匀性。 堇青石-莫来石窑具 是此类承重构件的标准材料，因为它具有较低的热膨胀系数（在1000°C以下通常约为 2.1–3.1 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹），并具备在反复、快速的加热与冷却循环中保持完好所需的热冲击抗力。
Supports form the load-bearing structure beneath the kiln shelves. Cordierite posts (or pillars) are vertical refractory columns used to support kiln shelves at various heights, while beams are placed between these posts to support large-format shelves or bear heavier loads. In gas-fired tunnel and roller-hearth kilns, where greater strength is required or firing temperatures exceed the operational range of cordierite-mullite materials, posts and beams are typically made from silicon carbide or mullite-bonded materials. By combining posts, beams, and kiln shelves, a stable, stackable superstructure can be constructed on the kiln car, thereby maximizing the volume of ware that can be loaded during each firing cycle. Protective containers, known as “saggars”—box-like refractory vessels—are used to shield ware from direct exposure to flames, combustion exhaust gases, or other forms of contamination. In gas-fired kilns, saggars isolate glazed or environmentally sensitive products from the kiln atmosphere, thereby enhancing the surface quality of the finished pieces. For smaller items or products that require stacking, ring-shaped or lidded saggars are commonly employed.
所选窑具的具体类型取决于窑炉设计以及待烧制产品的特性。在生产 Zellige 瓷砖（通常在燃气梭式窑中于 800°C 至 1000°C 的温度下烧制）时，采用带槽的堇青石-莫来石窑具，并配合支撑柱和轻质棚板，能够在抗热震性、装载密度和使用寿命之间实现最佳平衡。在需要快速冷却的工艺过程中，堇青石相所具备的低膨胀特性优势尤为突出，能够有效降低窑具在冷却阶段发生开裂的风险。
科瑞耐火材料供应各种堇青石-莫来石窑具， 碳化硅窑具如有任何疑问，欢迎随时联系我们！