化工和石油工业是耐火材料应用的重要领域。由于热工窑炉设备多，操作条件复杂，在选择耐火材料时，应根据不同的窑炉设备慎重选择。
The carbon black reactor is composed of five major parts: combustion chamber, throat, reaction section, quenching section and residence section.
The temperature of the combustion section in the reactor can reach 1600~1700°C, and the hot air flow in the furnace is fast, especially at the end of the throat. Under normal working conditions, the airflow temperature at the end of the throat is above 1700°C, or even as high as 1900°C or higher. At the same time, shutdown of the furnace due to operational reasons, replacement of various products, and the use of water vapor to enter the furnace to purge the oil pipes will cause the furnace lining material to peel off due to thermal stress. In addition, the oxides in the ash produced after the pyrolysis of fuel and raw materials also have a great corrosive effect on refractory materials.
炭黑反应器内衬耐火材料应具有耐火度高、抗热震性好、密度大、孔隙率低、抗高温腐蚀/侵蚀能力强等优点。
目前，国内外常用的炭黑反应器内衬耐火材料包括铝硅质制品、刚玉质制品、铬刚玉质制品和锆质耐火材料。其中，铝硅质产品包括高铝、莫来石、莫来石刚玉等产品；刚玉产品是指铝₂O₃含量大于 90% 的铝硅质产品。铬刚玉耐火材料体系包括不同铬₂O₃含量的铬刚玉产品和无定形（如浇注、夯实）产品。锆质耐火材料分为含氧化锆的铬刚玉制品和氧化锆制品。